HIPAA, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is a US federal law designed to ensure the privacy and security of individuals' protected health information (PHI). It is a standard recognised worldwide. HIPAA establishes a set of security protocols for protecting electronic health information. If a breach occurs, HIPAA requires entities to notify affected individuals, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and, in some cases, the media. This foundational law ensures the utmost privacy and security of patient health information. It sets national standards to protect individual medical records and personal health details, crucial in today's digital healthcare landscape.